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	''Quantum mirage'' may enable atom-scale circuits IBM Scientists Discover Nanotech Communication Method
	4th Proactive Problem Prediction, Avoidance and Diagnosis Conference Presentations From The Conference
	9p Universal Resource Sharing Protocol 9P is a distributed resource sharing protocol originally developed as part of the Plan 9 research operating system at AT&T Bell Laboratories (now a part of Alcatel/Lucent) by the Computer Science Research Center. It can be used to distributed file systems, devices, and application services. It was designed as an interface to both local and remote resources, making the transition from local to cluster to grid resources transparent. IBM Research is currently extending and evaluating the 9p protocol for use in general-purpose operating systems (such as Linux), in specialized execution environments (such at the Libra library-OS), and for use in certain cluster and high performance computing environments.
	Advanced Computing Technology Center
	Anti-Spam Research The goal of IBM's antispam research is to stop spam, both for our customers and for the internet at large. IBM recognizes that unwanted communication, particularly unsolicited commercial communication, is the bane of the Internet age. The same technology that brings the world together, enhances productivity, and makes life better in so many ways also threatens to overwhelm us with unwanted and offensive messages.
	Atomic force microscopy Fact sheet
	Bioimaging
	Bioinformatics and Pattern Discovery Group
	Bipolar transistor Lowpower semiconductor that uses 80% less power
	Blue Gene
	Blue Gene/L and ASTRON Giant radio telescope uses IBM supercomputer
	Blue Gene/L, Science Program Prototypes take two spots on supercomputing top-ten list
	Business Intelligence from Voice of Customer The Business Intelligence from Voice of Customer (BI-VoC) project focuses on aiding Businesses in improving performance by obtaining actionable insights from customer interaction data.
	Cancelable Biometric Technology
	Cancer Modeling
	Carbon Nanotube Light Emissions How the solid-state light emitter works
	Carbon Nanotube Transistors Fact sheet
	Carbon Nanotubes Fact sheet
	Cell Processor
	Collaborative Organization Analysis
	CoMMA Comparative Molecular Moment Analysis
	Computational Genomics We use simple and elegant mathematical models and innovative algorithmic techniques to answer interesting questions in genomics. Some results of our study have resulted in tools that we present below.
	Connection Network Intelligence
	Continuous Program Optimization Continuous Program Optimization (CPO) addresses the problem of end-to-end application optimization mitigating the continually increasing complexity of the execution stack and diminished performance increases through frequency scaling.
	Copper chip technology Fact sheet
	CoScripter CoScripter is a system for recording, automating, and sharing business processes performed in a web browser. CoScripter lets you make a recording as you perform a procedure, play it back automatically in the future, and share it with your co-workers.
	Cryptographic Hash Function Design The recent attacks on MD-5, SHA-0 and SHA-1 by Wang et al has given a huge impetus to research in designing practical cryptographic hash functions as well as further cryptanalysis of existing functions.
	Cryptography Research
	Data Channels Improving data rates in storage technology
	Data Hiding Watermark technology
	Disaster Recovery Planner Project The DRPlanner project automates disaster recovery planning and deployment of enterprises. The current focus of DRPlanner is IBM DR technologies and its evolution has been influenced by Leopard Server-Storage Consolidation effort and IBM TotalStorage Productivity Center
	Dogear
	Double-Gate Transistor Allows smaller, faster chips
	Dynamic Optimization Group The Dynamic Optimizations Group conducts fundamental research on programming language implementation, and explores the boundary between hardware and software.
	echeck project The echeck project was started in 1996 by the FSTC (Financial Services Technology Consortium), a bank technology research group. The project was an early attempt to provide a secure, internet-based payment system, similar in use to paper checks in the US.
	Elliptic Curve Cryptography
	Embedded DRAM at IBM Research As CMOS scaling becomes increasingly difficult, low-power, dense bit storage is needed for microprocessor caches. Building upon circuit-level work begun in the 1990's, the Computer Architecture department continues to make innovative contributions to next-generation caches.
	Engagement Information Leverage This effort is to enable an innovative business activity driven search to help our services practitioners in SO GTS leverage contextual information from several federated data sources that contain unorganized and unstructured data. The key innovation here is analyzing information needs of a community of practice and delivering a platform combining Information Extraction and Information Retrieval complying with security and data privacy requirements of the business.
	Enterprise Mash-up
	Enterprise Workload Manager
	Entity Discovery and Linkage Project Goal: The goal of the project is to develop a system to derive a 360 degree view of a business and its customers and competitors by integrating structured master data, transactional data and unstructured text collections which are often imprecise and incomplete in their content. This is done by discovering and linking/correlating business entities whose complete information is spread over these various data sources.
	EROCS: Linking unstructured text documents with structured data Given a corpus of unstructured text documents and a relational database, EROCS links each document with related information present in the database. Such linkages enable integrated search and BI across the two data sources.
	Excimer Laser Precision cut that avoids burning surrounding material
	Exploratory Stream Processing Systems System S is a distributed stream mining system that is designed to host applications that mine massive volumes and rates of streaming data for information.
	Fire Program Analysis (FPA) Each year, we see and hear about the devastation caused by wildfires around the United States and the globe. According to the U.S. National Interagency Fire Center, this year's wildfire season was nearly double the 10-year average with more than eight million acres burned so far, making this the second worst season since 1960. Since 2003, IBM has been working with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to stunt and reverse this yearly devastation. Fire Program Analysis (FPA) is a project started under IBM's On Demand Innovation Services, uses unique mathematical algorithms to determine where wildfires will likely occur, and helps to optimize government funds and resources for battling those fires.
	Fractal Science
	Fractal Theory Star Gazing for Answers
	Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Group Our group investigates integrative approaches to combine functional and systems level knowledge with more traditional genomic code and annotation information. Other projects include network inference, machine learning, topological analysis and simulation of biological pathways.
	Generic Adaptive Control
	Genes@Work and Download Tools Page Page to distribute software tool from Functional Biology and Systems Biology Group.
	Giant Magnetoresistive effect A revolution in the Hard disk drive industry
	Global Security Analysis Lab Fact sheet
	Goldstine Fellowship 2007-2008 IBM Herman Goldstine Postdoctoral Fellowship in Mathematical Sciences
	Haifa Seminar IBM Haifa storage systems technology seminar brings together Israeli academia and developers
	Health Management, Monitoring and Fault Localization for Middleware Systems Enterprise middleware systems typically consist of a large cluster of machines with stringent performance requirements. Hence when a performance problem occurs in such environments, it is critical that the health monitoring software identifies the root cause of the problem with minimal delay. Furthermore, clustered enterprise middleware systems employing dynamic workload scheduling are susceptible to a variety of application malfunctions that can manifest themselves in a counterintuitive fashion and cause debilitating damage. Until now, diagnosing problems in that domain involves investigating log files and configuration settings and requires in-depth knowledge of the middleware architecture and application design. Our research focus is on problem determination using change point detection techniques and problem signatures consisting of a combination of changes (or absence of changes) in different metrics. We have implemented this approach on a clustered middleware system and applied it to the detection of the storm drain condition: a debilitating problem encountered in clustered systems with counterintuitive symptoms. This is now a part of a released product. In an extension to the above work, we have worked on designing and implementing a generic framework that allows an administrator to specify any health problem as a boolean combination of static threshold violations and/or abrupt changes in the value of various runtime metrics like response time, throughput, cpu utilization, memory utilization, number of requests queued, etc. However, such predefined signatures still require some domain expertese for their definition. We have also been working on a methodology that learns problem signatures with administrator feedback, thereby removing the dependence on domain experts for creating correct problem signatures, and also allowing for different signatures. Additionally, the problem signatures generated by our method are flexible, do not require exact matches for triggering, and evolve as more information becomes available.
	High bandwidth high precision Silicon micro-machined milli-actuator
	Holistic Aggregate Resource Environment HPC applications have many different phases: sometimes computing, sometimes commu- nicating, sometimes doing file I/O. It is desirable to have maximum overlap with minimal interference between these activities. To provide optimal support for applications on HPC clusters, we propose the creation of Right-Weight Kernels (RWK). An RWK is a standard kernel to which we add specific enhancements for the needs of the HPC community: RWKs are a fusion of the ideas of both traditional heavy-weight cluster kernels and Light-Weight Kernels (LWK). The type of enhancements we create will be driven by measures of whole- application performance: measuring all phases of the application, not just one portion. Despite the considerable effort put into LWKs, there has been a lack of general accep- tance and use. One reason for this is that while LWKs optimize one type of application activity, they remove many needed capabilities such as file systems, sockets, and security. Full-featured operating systems such as Linux have been quite successful, but there are concerns that the overhead of such operating systems is too high for some applications. This research will builds on our earlier FAST-OS program. For FAST-OS, we ported Plan 9 to the Opteron CPU, and also to the BG/L supercomputer; we created a port of Plan 9 that runs under the Xen hypervisor; we extended the Plan 9 Python port to support shared libraries; and, in addition, we created measurement tools that allow for reproducible, quantitative measurements of node performance. These tools have recently been used to characterize the Purple nodes at LLNL. We believe that Plan 9 can be used to realize the benefits of light-weight kernels while maintaining the benefits of a full-featured operating system. Now that we have the system (BG/L), some basic popular tools such as Python ported to Plan 9, and the measurement tools ready, we can work on applications porting and measurement for Plan 9 running on BG/L. We can make direct, quantitative comparisons to both the CN/K (the BG/L Light Weight Kernel) and Linux once it is ported to BG/L. As part of this work, we will develop tools to allow an applications programmer to develop, test, and debug Plan 9 applications from their desktop Linux or other systems. In other words, the use of Plan 9 on the BG/L system will not require that the user use a Plan 9 desktop. This cross-development environment will be a first for Plan 9.This new development can be extensively tested under our Xen port, and, again, will build on our earlier work for FAST-OS.
	Holographic Data Storage Holographic and photorefractive data storage systems
	Holographic Storage Fact sheet
	Home Page Reader Accessibility for the Web
	IBM announces world's smallest SRAM cell
	IBM Blue Gene/L Supercomputer project
	IBM Blue Gene/L Supercomputer Prototype System photos and micro-biology simulations
	IBM Demonstrates Technique For Extending Chip Performance Using Strained Germanium
	IBM Health Monitor Blood pressure cuffs and pill boxes that update via Bluetooth
	IBM Magnetic RAM (MRAM) Images Chip pictures, diagrams, and tools
	IBM Mixed Integer NonLinear Programming Project
	IBM Multicore Research and Design IBM was the first vendor to embrace multicore technology, research its uses and make the technology available to its customers with the POWER4 systems introduced in 2001. Notable milestones in the development of multicore technology: POWER4 - released in 2001, POWER4 is the first commercial multicore system with 2 cores per chip, and 8 cores per socket. POWER5 - released in 2005, POWER5 offers four threads per chip with two cores each featuring 2-way SMT, and 8 cores / 16 threads per socket. Xbox360 - released in 2005, the Xenon CPU used in XBox360 offers three cores each with w-way SMT, for a total of 6 threads per chip. Cell B.E. - released in 2005, Cell B.E. is the first heterogeneous multicore solution with 1 Power Architecture CPU (including 2-way SMT) and 8 Synergistic Processor CPUs, for a total of 9 cores and 10 threads per chip. POWER6 - released in 2007, POWER6 offers two cores with 2-way SMT per chip,and 8 cores / 16 threads per socket.
	IBM Nanotechnology announcement at IEDM Nanocrystal memory devices created using self assembly technique
	IBM Paves Way for Higher Performing, Lower Power Electronic Devices Develops Innovative Ways to Make High Mobility Transistors
	IBM, Infineon Develop Most Advanced MRAM Technology to Date MRAM device diagrams
	Identity 2.0 and Higgins IBM Research is developing the next generation of Internet based Identity Management services. Identity 2.0 is based on the concept of user-centric identity management, supporting enhanced identity verification and privacy, and user consent and control over any access to personal information for Internet-based transactions.
	Innovation in Virtual Worlds Virtual worlds are attracting media attention and human interest. But what do they hold for the future of business and society? At IBM we believe there is significant promise far beyond today's usage: the next evolutionary phase of the Internet. IBM is helping clients and partners to conduct business inside virtual worlds and to connect the virtual world with the real world through a richer, more immersive Web environment. We are experimenting with innovative companies like Sears and Circuit City. At IBM our strategy is to collaborate with a community in an open source fashion to build out the next generation Web -- the 3-D Internet. We welcome you to visit us in Second Life and to read more about our work in virtual worlds by downloading our brochure: View our Virtual Worlds Brochure (PDF) For more information contact us at: info@v-business.com
	Insight on Demand
	Integrated Intelligence Infrastucture
	Integreated Solution Engineering
	Intelligent Multimedia Interaction Our Mission The Department of Intelligent Multimedia Interaction (IMI) at IBM T. J. Watson is a research group, concentrating on building next-generation intelligent multimodal, multimedia interaction systems. In particular, we use the word multimodal to refer to various input modalities that can be used by users to express themselves to a computer, including speech, gesture, and gaze. In addition, we use the word multimedia to refer to all output channels that a computer can use to act/react upon users' input, including animated 3D graphics, speech, and video. Our work is centered around the development of new methodologies and metaphors for enabling a full-fledged multimodal, multimedia human-computer conversation. Using the multimodal, multimedia conversation metaphor, users can navigate through large and complex information spaces naturally and effectively by exploiting multiple natural input channels. Presented with customized multimedia tour of information, on the other hand, users can comprehend rich information easily. Ultimately, our work enables a brand new computing paradigm, proactive computing, in which computers are no longer passive tools that are driven by human users. Instead, computers will become proactive human companions, which can help us seek and acquire information and knowledge in a much more efficent and effective manner. Our Strength Due to the interdisciplinary nature of our mission, IMI is made up of researchers from multiple research disciplines. In particular, our strength lies in the following areas: multimodal conversation systems, automated multimedia authoring, natural speech generation, hetergeneous information representation and inferencing, pervasive UIs, and 3D graphics user interfaces. In addition to the close intra-departmental collaboration, we have also established collaboration ties with researchers within and outside of IBM research.
	Intelligent Service Desk This project is about intelligently extract knowledge about service request so that various processes in incident/ problem management can be automated or semi-automated.
	Interoperable Health Information Infrastructure
	iQuilt
	JUMPSTART Download page JUMPSTART is a software package to perform statistical analysis on MPSS measurements
	K42
	Knowledge Extraction 'n Analysis (KENA) for Software Product Management Software product stacks are getting more complex as the number of products and their capabilities increase. For product management, it is critical to keep track of dependencies between products and use them to take key decisions. Dependencies are version-specific and can be of different types such as pre-requisite or inter-operate kind of dependencies. For example, the Websphere Portal Server 6.0.1.1 requires Websphere Application Server 6.0.2.17 as a pre-requisite. Analysis of these dependencies is useful in various scenarios such as: Solution Architecting – The architect needs to decide on a set of products that are available on the chosen platform and that can work with each other. Product Lifecycle Management – To decide when to stop supporting a product, it is important to figure out what other products may be impacted by a particular product Porting to a new platform – To decide what version of the product to port to a new platform and the related products that need to be ported in order to support the required product. The goal of this project is to develop technologies and tools to discover and analyze complex dependencies between different software products. The initial use case of this information is to reduce the time and required to port products to various platforms. This includes analyzing the complex dependencies in terms of bitness, version, and feature compliance across multi-platforms, etc., between various products and components and deciding what versions and features to port to a new platform. Information about products may be contained in various formats in various parts of the organization (e.g. Web pages, red books, manuals, databases), many of which contain unstructured text data. In this project, we are working on techniques to automatically extract product and dependency information from these unstructured sources. Extracting useful information from multiple unstructured sources, establishing relationships between the partial, uncertain and sometimes conflicting pieces of information extracted from multiple unstructured sources, and finally relating the various pieces of information to information from structured sources, are some of the research challenges in this project. Information extraction in this scenario is difficult since product names are very often abbreviated or shortened, the same product could be referred to by multiple names, and some of the information is in attachments or other pages that are linked to the product page. This requires techniques for de-duplication, conflict resolution since similar information could be extracted from multiple sources and provenance tracking for the mined information to enable validation.
	Koala Koala is a system for recording, automating, and sharing business processes performed in a web browser. Koala lets you make a recording as you perform a procedure, play it back automatically in the future, and share it with your co-workers.
	Liquid Metal Transparent and dynamic compilation and co-execution of Java programs on general-purpose processors and reconfigurable hardware
	Location sensing for retail asset tracking
	Logic Circuit IBM Scientists Build World's First Single-Molecule Computer Circuit
	MARVEL
	MASTOR
	Medical Informatics at IBM Research Medical text and image analytics
	Meta Pad IBM's Meta Pad Modular Computer Exploratory Research Project
	Metering and Accounting for Composite Services
	Metronome
	Micro-diffraction Fact sheet
	Millipede Nanomechanical storage device uses hot tips on a polymer surface
	Mirage: Virtual Machine Images as Data The Mirage Project is building a novel storage format for virtual machine images that enables them to be manipulated as data. Images in this format can be queried, versioned and updated without having to mount or run the image.
	Model Driven Monitoring System
	Molecule Cascade Logic components on a molecular level
	Mouse adapter images
	multifario Multifario is a latinesque version of the high German word Manacfald, which is the root of the English word Manifold. Multifario is a project that has designed and implemented a representation of manifolds as a set of charts that cover the manifold. We have also implemented algorithms for computing such representations for some important classes of manifolds. The first class are Implicitly Defined Manifolds, which are the solution set of an equation F(u)=0, when F maps IR^n to IR^{n-k}. In engineering speak: there k fewer equations than unknowns, so the solution set is locally a k dimensional surface. This is sometimes called multiparameter numerical continuation, or a multiple parameter continuation method The second class is unstable manifolds of hyperbolic fixed points in flows. There are plans for extending this set to include other types of manifolds, and work is underway.
	Multimodal Conversational Solutions
	Multiscale Cardiac Modeling Mathematic modeling of cardiac cells and tissues at different levels of abstraction.
	Nanoscale Dewetting Transition Studying the possible dewetting transition in protein folding.
	Nanoscale Imaging MRFM images:
	Nanotube Carbon Nanotubes Photos and Photo links
	Network Technologies The Network Technologies department performs research in the area of computer communications networks. Areas of special interest include network management, server networking, wireless networks and policy technologies.
	Open Collaborative Research: a podcast about open-source at IBM Research IBM works with scientists around the world to develop open-source code that will make computer systems more secure, enhance software performance, optimize manufacturing processes, enable patient-centered healthcare and improve the workplace for older employees, to name a few.
	Operating System Jitter Operating system interference, caused primarily due to scheduling of daemon processes, and handling of asynchronous events such as interrupts, constitutes “ noise” or “jitter” (henceforth referred to as OS jitter) perceived by an application. Various studies have taken place in the recent past that demonstrate the debilitating effects of OS jitter on parallel applications running on large scale HPC systems [1] [8]. The goal of this project is to study OS jitter and its impact on the performance of tightly coupled parallel applications runnning on large HPC clusters. These applications consist of multiple phases of computation where each computation phase is followed by some sort of synchronization across nodes. The work in this project has so far focussed on theoretical modeling of noise, validation of the theoretical model using data from large production HPC clusters and identification of sources of OS jitter on a single node.
	Parallel Programming with PGAS In this project we study in parallel programming issues: languages, scalability. programmer productivity and performance tuning. The main vehicle for this study is the IBM XLUPC compiler
	Personal Wizards The Personal Wizards project has created and developed the field of collaborative programming-by-demonstration, an approach to capturing know-how of computer-based procedures by combining recordings of experts performing a task.
	Podium: Conversations with visiting researchers Download short podcast presentations by computer scientists, Web sociologists and innovative thinkers who have visited IBM Research.
	Policy Lifecycle Technologies Research into all aspects of policy authoring, analysis and deployment. Concerns cover HCI, NLP, security, privacy and networking domains.
	PriSM - Dashboard for Proactive Service Management Prism provides a real-time, role-based dashboard that provides situational awareness of status and issues within and across accounts.
	Project ArtiFact(TM) Home Page This project is focused on the use of "business artifacts" to provide a unifying foundation for the management of business operations and processes. Business artifacts are based on a novel marriage of data and process, and can be used at different levels of abstraction by high business managers, business architects, solution designers, IT architects, and systems and software engineers.
	Project Kittyhawk: A Global-Scale Computer Project Kittyhawk’s goal is to explore the construction and implications of a global-scale shared computer capable of hosting the entire Internet as an application. Our goal is to provide a platform which is an order of magnitude more efficient than commodity servers based on the highly integrated architecture of Blue Gene, IBM's supercomputer.
	PROSE Partitioned Reliable Operating System Environment
	Pupil Function Engineering Pupil function engineering is a method to design and optimize the phase and/or amplitude of the pupil function of imaging systems to enhance the performance of imaging systems (e.g. to increase the depth of field).
	Pupil Function Engineering Pupil function engineering is a method to design and optimize the phase and/or amplitude of the pupil function of imaging systems to enhance the performance of imaging systems (e.g. to increase the depth of field).
	Pyr.mea.IT - Permeating IT towards the Base of the Pyramid Pyr.mea.IT is an Exploratory Research project started in late 2006, with an aim to create technologies and solutions that would help deliver IT to the billions of under-privileged people in the developing regions of the world.
	QBIC Query by Image Content
	Real-time Business Intelligence Our long term vision is - Enabling R3 delivery (right person in the right mode at the right time) of mission critical insights derived using a 360 degree view of the enterprise. Specifically, we are building solutions that will seamlessly enrich business events using contextually relevant business insights generated by data and text analytics over all forms of accessible enterprise data accessible – structured, semi-structured and unstructured that will enhance all channels of customer engagement We plan to study the pain points in verticals such as Contact Centers', FSS and Telecom and develop tailored solutions for these areas.
	Reliability-Aware Microarchitectures This project is focused on microarchitectural support to ensure reliable operation, in the face of hard and soft hardware failures.
	Resiliency Maturity Index Resiliency Maturity Index is a Research tool to compute and understand the Resiliency score of an organization, in terms of the components of the organization.
	Resource Usage Metering for Grid Services
	RIDMS-2: Second Workshop on Real Time and Interactive Digital Media Supercomputing
	Roentgen High definition display technology
	SAFARI: A Meta-Tooling Platform for Creating Language-Specific IDEs SAFARI is an Eclipse-based meta-tooling framework that is intended to speed the creation of sophisticated development environments for new or existing programming languages. It is moving toward open-source release as an Eclipse technology project.
	Scalable Highly Expressive Reasoner SHER is a highly scalable reasoner for reasoning over expressive OWL-DL ontologies.
	Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy -- Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Electron microscopy using aberration free electron optics, can aid semiconductor development by providing atomic level analysis of composition, structure and function in buried regions of nanoscale devices. The following link gives a brief overview of electron optical aberration correction, the STEM and EELS techniques, some early results, and references to further reading.
	Scanning Tunneling Microscope Fact sheet
	Scientists announce first 3-D assembly of magnetic and semiconducting nanoparticles Lead selenide and iron oxide self-assembled superlattice
	Secure Hypervisor
	Secure Identity
	Secure Processor
	Secure Trade Lane
	Security for System S System-S is an exploratory, grand challenge, prototype system being developed by IBM Research to support highly dynamic applications that extract information and knowledge by analyzing enormous volumes of relatively unimportant data. System-S is being designed to react quickly to events, changing requirements and priorities, handle orders of magnitude more data than existing systems, handle rapidly changing data formats and types and to constantly prioritize and adjust ongoing analysis since the amount of data and work will always exceed available computing resources. Securing System-S is in itself a grand challenge. On one hand it has to be protected from attacks (such as data-driven attacks) while providing secrecy, integrity and privacy protection for data, intermediate and final results. On the other hand, most of the analysis engines and platforms are expected to have low trustworthiness and also, given the highly dynamic nature of the environment, requirements and priorities, granting users exceptional accesses to results would be the norm. We are exploring how with minimal use of trustworthy components such as secure hypervisors (such as sHype), risk adaptive access control and integrity protection policies with dynamically adjustable risk tolerance, we can manage the risks of damage from application/platform compromise and unauthorized disclosure of information, without substantially impacting system performance.
	Security and Privacy Day Fall 2006 Security and Privacy Day IBM Research / Stevens Institute of Technology / Columbia University Monday, November 13, 2006
	Security for a Software as a Service architecture Security Architecture for a software as a service platform
	Self Enablement Portal (SEP)
	Sensei: spoken language learning and evaluation Sensei is a comprehensive web-enabled tool to automatically evaluate spoken English skills on various parameters like syllable stress, articulation, comprehension and spoken grammar in real-time.
	Sentry: Tivoli Compliance and Remediation Solution
	Side Channel Cryptanalysis Security Protocols are designed to guarantee the privacy and integrity of information exchanged over an open communication network against malicious adversaries on the network. Typcially, a crucial assumption in the deployment of these protocols is that the entities are in possession of cryptographic tokens such as smart cards. Cryptanalytic techniques such as TEMPEST and power analysis try to attack the security guarantees of such tokens. They exploit information leaked during computation such as power consumption characteristics/EMF emanations to infer details of computations and cryptographic secrets stored in these tokens. While side channel cryptanalysis attacks affect a variety of systems, smart cards are especially vulnerable as they depend on an external source for their power consumption and provide minimal shielding. Our team has done substantial work on Power Analysis and Countermeasures, EM Analysis and Side-channel Information extraction using Template Attacks. We continue to seek and develop new techniques for side-channel attacks and countermeasures and to explore new applications of existing techniques.
	Silicon-based nanofabrication using self-assembled polymer thin films Sub-lithographic patterning technique
	Silicon Germanium Fact sheet
	Silicon Millimeter-Wave Research IBM Research is exploring the millimeter-wave (mmWave) application space in terms of integrated circuit design, package development, antenna development, channel sounding, and system demonstration.
	Silicon nanophotonics This exploratory project pushes the limits of current photonic technology.
	Single-atom magnetic measurements
	SixthSense: A Tool for Sequential Equivalence Checking and (Semi-)Formal Verification SixthSense is a toolset for formal and semi-formal verification. It is used for functional verification (i.e., property checking), as well as sequential equivalence checking. Technically, SixthSense is built upon a transformation-based verification framework encompassing numerous synergistic transformation and abstraction algorithms. These algorithms iteratively simplify and decompose complex problems until they become tractable for formal reasoning engines. This framework allows for high scalability in proof and semi-formal falsification efforts.
	SmallBlue SmallBlue is a social networking application that unlocks the valuable business intelligence of 'who knows what?', 'who knows whom?' and ‘who knows what about whom’ within an organization, without requiring explicit involvement of individuals.
	Smart Surveillance System
	SNAzzy - Social Network Analysis for Telecom Business Intelligence Social Network Analysis for Telecom Business Intelligence and Customer Relationship Management.
	SPARCLE Policy Management Workbench The SPARCLE policy workbench will simplify how people manage organizational policies across the enterprise, improve the quality of policy rules, and enable those rules to be implemented through technology to ensure consistency, reliability, and compliance. This capability will reduce risk for organizations and internal and external users who interact with them. SPARCLE was originally created to help organizations manage the privacy of the personal information (PI) they store in their systems. Now, much broader applicability of the technology to other types of policies including security, systems management, autonomic computing, and compliance auditing is envisioned. The SPARCLE Core Team - John Karat, Clare-Marie Karat and Carolyn Brodie
	STEM
	Strained Silicon Breakthrough Fact sheet
	Sub-Angstrom Resolution EM Imaging Atoms at Sub-Angstrom Resolution with a Corrected Electron Microscope
	Supercomputing On Demand
	Symphony Decentralized Orchestration of Composite Web Services Web services encapsulate information, software or other resources, and make them available over the network via standard interfaces and protocols. Complex web services may be created by aggregating the functionality provided by simpler ones. This is referred to as service composition and the aggregated web service becomes a composite web service.
	Systems Technology and Microarchitecture This research group focuses on exploration of the fundamental design principles that govern the performance of computer systems using both analytical tools, and detailed simulations.
	TALES
	Teiresias DNA database for research in pattern discovery
	Trojan Detection using IC Fingerprinting Hardware manufacturers are increasingly outsourcing their IC fabrication work overseas due to much lower costs. This poses a significant security risk for ICs used for critical military and business applications. Attackers can exploit this loss of control to substitute Trojan ICs for genuine ones or insert a Trojan circuit into the design or mask used for fabrication. As part of this project we are developing techniques to mitigate this problem. In joint work with Prof Berk Sunar's team at WPI, as part of a DARPA seedling project, we recently developed a technique borrowed from side-channel cryptanalysis to detect trojans introduced during IC manufacturing and in the supply chain. Our approach uses noise modeling, to construct a "Fingerpint" for an IC family utilizing side-channel information such as power/temperature/electromagnetic (EM) profiles. These fingerprints can be developed using a few ICs from batch and only these ICs would have to be invasively tested to ensure that they were all authentic. The remaining ICs are verified using statistical tests against the "Fingerprint". Our preliminary experiments using power simualtions on representative circuits and trojans indicate that this approach is viable. We are able to detect trojans that are 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller than the main circuit. While scaling our technique to detect even smaller Trojans in IC with tens or hundereds of millions of transistors would require modifications to the IC design, these results provide a starting point to address this important problem.
	Variation-Oriented Engineering This is the web site of the Variation-Oriented Engineering (VOE) project, which investigates research issues regarding enhancing reusable SOA-based software development via variation-oriented approaches.
	Viola
	Virtual XML Virtual XML is, in general, the ability to view and process any data - whether XML or non-XML -- as though it is XML, and in particular allow use of XML processing languages, such as XPath and XQuery, on the data. In the Virtual XML project we couple this with special access functions that make it possible to write scripts that "mix and match" XML and non-XML data, and advanced analysis and adaptation technology to ensure that the Virtual XML processing is efficient even on large data collections.
	Watson Programming Languages Day The PL/SE PIC sponsors an annual Programming Languages Day at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. PL Day is a cooperative endeavor with the New Jersey and New England Programming Languages and Systems Seminars. The main goal of the event is to increase awareness of each other's work, and to encourage interaction and collaboration.
	Web 2.0 Security Web 2.0 is about connecting people and amplifying the power of working together. Unfortunately, this power brings up a number of serious security challenges which we are tackling from various angles in this project.
	Webfountain Photos of key researchers
	Work Force Management A method for strategic headcount planning with operational transition management of Workforce for managing non-voice business processes in the BPO sector r
	Workforce Research
	XML Researchers at several of our labs are creating the infrastructure for the Web to complete its move to XML as its transport data encoding and for much of its data persistence, providing a foundation for Service-Oriented Architecture, Web 2.0 and Semantic Web Technologies, as well as Model-Driven Development.